NASA and ESA prepare three Venus missions for the 2030s

NASA targets a December 2030 launch for DAVINCI and November 2032 for VERITAS, while ESA's EnVision is planned for the early 2030s. The missions will study Venus's atmosphere, surface and geological activity, where temperatures reach 467°C and pressure is 93 times Earth's.

• DAVINCI is set for December 2030, VERITAS for November 2032
• DAVINCI's descent probe will measure the atmosphere for about an hour
• VERITAS will map the surface in more detail than Magellan did
• ESA's EnVision will complement NASA's orbital measurements