Stateless agents beat stateful systems at budgets up to 1B tokens
A paper from Stanford, CMU, UW, SambaNova and Berkeley found that agents retaining no conversation between invocations outperform stateful baselines on automated research tasks. SLA beat EvoX, CORAL and SwarmResearch on every task, reaching the best baseline's final quality with 67.9M tokens versus 986.3M — a 93.1% reduction.
- SLA achieved the best full-budget result on every evaluated task up to 1B tokens
- On the Anthropic kernel task, the worst SLA run (1122 cycles) beat the best baseline (1191)
- Token reduction to match baseline quality reached 93.1% (84% with Claude Code)
- On FrontierSWE, SLA trailed at 25% of budget but led at 100%
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