Toyota Bets 400,000 Robots Can Capture Craftspeople Skills That Took Decades to Build

Toyota is developing the ELEY robot based on diffusion AI and quasi-direct-drive actuators, which learns factory skills from humans. From 2028, the company plans to release 400,000 units at 60 factories, but engineers acknowledge unresolved issues of reliability, precision, and data infrastructure.

• ELEY robot uses diffusion AI to learn worker skills
• Plans for 400,000 robots at 60 factories worldwide from 2028
• Toyota engineers acknowledge three unresolved issues: reliability, precision, and data