South Korea's parent-subsidiary listing rate is 224 times the US level

South Korea's parent-subsidiary listing rate stood at 11.2% at the end of last year, versus 0.05% in the US and 4.0% in Japan, according to the FSC. The possible Nasdaq listing of SK hynix's Solidigm has renewed scrutiny, with regulators requiring five shareholder-protection steps but penalties capped at 1 billion won.

• Korea's parent-subsidiary listing rate is 11.2%, 224 times the US figure
• SK hynix and SK Square must meet five obligations before a Solidigm listing
• Penalties for violations in overseas listings are capped at 1 billion won
• SK hynix plans 54.3 trillion won in investment through 2031