NASA develops batteries for the Moon's extreme temperatures

NASA detailed its SPEARS project, which builds solid-state batteries using ceramic or polymer electrolytes instead of liquid ones. The tech targets lunar temperature swings from 100 °C in daytime to minus 200 °C at the south pole and could be used in future Artemis missions.

• SPEARS replaces liquid electrolytes with ceramic or polymer materials
• Lunar temperatures range from 100 °C by day to minus 200 °C at night
• Solid-state cells survive extreme cold and need less thermal management
• The technology could power Artemis missions and future Mars campaigns